The Role of VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Supplementation
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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator that activates by binding to 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1a,25(OH)2D), known as calcitriol, which forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Calcitriol signalling is responsible for regulating a range of biological processes, including calcium and metabolism of phosphorous as well as parathormones cell proliferation, as well as control of adaptive and innate immunity.
A T > C base change in the promoter region of the VDR variant rs11568820 obliterates the binding site for the transcription factor Cdx2 upstream of exon 1e. This causes to the production of a smaller protein with decreased transcriptional activity. The F variant is found in high frequency among Asians and Europeans, and is not found in a high frequency among Africans from Sub-Saharan Africa.
The results of this research help us understand how VDR gene polymorphisms affect the response to dietary supplements containing calcium calcitriol. The carriers of the TaqI polymorphism and the FF genotype of the FokI polymorphism show higher transcriptional activation of VDR and are associated with improved calcium absorption and bone mineral density as well as reduced risk of fractures [34, 35[34, 35]. To improve our understanding of the role that these genetic variants have in vitamin D supplementation We must conduct more research with an homogeneous design.